Analysis Annual Report 2010 Bayer Essay Example for Free

Analysis Annual Report 2010 Bayer Essay Profitability Which indicators have been brought forward in the annual report of the company? Which specific targets are aimed at? How does the group state and assess the evolution of profitability in the annual report? Is there more recent public information about this issue? Where? Is this information in line with the one mentioned in the annual report? Is it indicating a similar evolution? What are the main propositions of the company to improve its profitability? Financing What is the global financing strategy of the group? What is the evolution of the financing cost (several indicators)? What is the shareholders’ remuneration program? What are your sources (of information) regarding this issue? Investments What are the main investment / disinvestment policies? How are these investments financed? What is the outlook of the company regarding this issue? Consolidation process What are the most important consolidated subsidiaries? (Eventually mention the approximate number of subsidiaries)? Are there associated companies? What is the evolution of the income attributable to shareholders (or result part of the group)? What are the comments of the company regarding this issue? What kind of indicators does the company report about shareholder value? Are those indicators compared with other information? International standards Does the group announce the non-publication of some standards? If yes, for which reasons? Among explanatory notes associated with the consolidated accounts, choose one that is relative to a specific standard. For this note, report essential characteristics that highlight the differences in terms of recording and reporting in the relation to Belgian GAAPs. What is the impact of IAS/IFRS referential (if any) on the account that is concerned by this note? Global diagnostic Is there important recent information about this company? Would you invest in this company? Why? Business sector What is the main business of the group? Firstly, we have to know that Bayer was founded in Barmen, Germany in 1963 by Friedrich Bayer and Johann Friedrich Weskott his partner. It is a global and an inventor company with core competencies in the domain of health care, nutrition and high-tech materials. They produce and provide services to benefit people and improve their quality of life. In addition, they seek to create value with the help of innovation, growth and high earning power. For them, sustainability is very important for their social and ethical responsibilities. Its headquarters are in Leverkusen. This is one of the largest phamarceutical companies in the world and has three sebgroups: Bayer CropScience, Bayer HealthCare and Bayer MaterialScience. Led by the management holding company, they also have three services companies which operate independently: Bayer Business Services, Bayer Technology Services and Currenta. Are there other activities, complementary businesses within the group? Bayer CropScience has products in crop protection and nonagricultural pest control. It also has activities in seeds and plant traits. Bayer HealthCare is Bayers pharmaceutical and medical products subgroup. It is involved in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of products. It comprises a further four subdivisions: Bayer Schering Pharma, Bayer Consumer Care, Bayer Animal Health and Bayer Medical Care. Bayer MaterialScience is a supplier of high-tech  ­polymers, and develops solutions for a broad range of applications relevant to everyday life. Bayer Business Services located at the Bayer USA Headquarters in Pennsylvania. It handles the information technology infrastructure and technical support aspect of Bayer Canada and USA. Bayer Technology Services is engaged in process development and in process and plant engineering, construction and optimization. Currenta offers services for the chemical industry, including utility supply, waste management, infrastructure, safety, security, analytics and vocational training. What are the main groups competitors? The main group’s competitors are Merck Co, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer and Sanofi Aventis. Indeed, GlaxoSmithKline have the second post in the pharmaceuticals world just behind Pfizer. Sanofi Aventis is in fourth place and Merck Co and Bayer share the third place. Which main risks (that are inherent to this business sector) does the company mention? Which hedging policies are put in place? Business operations necessarily involve risks. So according to Bayer, effective management of risks is a key factor in sustainably safeguarding a company’s value. Risks are assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively in determining strategies of the strategic business entities. The risk management system is set on the Group Intranet. Directive published explains the basic principles of this management in accordance with German Law.According to Bayer Group, the definition of the risk is represented by events and possible developments within or outside of the group that would decrease the value of the company. These risks are described as follows: Legal risksBayer Group is exposed to numerous legal risks from legal disputes or proceedings to which they are currently a party †¦ So it is therefore possible that legal or regulatory judgments could significantly affect the revenues and earnings of the company.Industry-specific risksSome governments intervene directly in setting prices and the government reimbursement systems favoring less expensive generic pharmaceuticals over brand-name products, which diminish earnings from Bayer’s pharmaceutical products and could potentially render the market introduction of a new product unprofitable. So if it necessary, Bayer’s Group adjusts his business plans according to the significance of governmental intervention. Sales of the Group are subject to seasonal fluctuations and CropScience business particularly affected by weather conditions. Moreover the early identification of trends in the economic market is important elements of the Bayer’s Group business management. Finally where it appears strategically advantageous they may acquire a company or part of a company and combine it with their existing business. The integration processes associated with their acquisitions are steered by integration teams. Appropriate resources are provided to support the integration processes.Product development risksThe Group’s competitive position, sales and earnings depend significantly on the development of commercially viable new products and technologies’ production. So they therefore devote substantial resources to research and development. Furthermore it is possible that effects of their products may be discovered after regulatory approval or registration. So litigations and associated claims for damages due to negative effects can materially diminish their earnings.Regulatory risksOur life science businesses, in particular are subject to strict regulatory regimes relating to the testing, manufacturing and marketing of many of our products. In some countries regulatory controls have become increasingly demanding like in the USA or in EU. That may increase product development costs. So Projects have been initiated to coordinate the implementation of new regulatory controls and mitigate any negative implications for the business. Patent risksA large proportion of Bayer’s products is protected by patents. When a patent defense is unsuccessful, or if one of our patents expires, our prices are likely to come under pressure because of increased competition from generic products entering the market. The legal department, in conjunction with the relevant functional departments, regularly reviews the patent situation. Potential infringements of Bayer’s patents by other companies are carefully monitored so that legal action can be taken if necessary. Production, procurement market and environmental risksProduction capacities at some of their manufacturing facilities could be adversely affected by, for instance, technical failures, natural disasters †¦ This applies particularly to the biotech products because of the highly complex manufacturing processes. If in such cases they are unable to meet demand they may suffer declines in sales revenues. So they address product and environmental risks by way of suitable quality assurance measures. In addition, they are committed to the international Responsible Care initiative of the chemical industry. IT risksMajor disruptions or failure of global or regional business systems may result in loss of data and impairment of business and production processes. As a consequence technical precautions such as data recovery and continuity plans have been established together with the internal it service provider to address this risk. Risk to pension obligations from capital market developmentsThe Bayer Group has obligations to current and former employees related to pensions and other post-employment benefits. Changes in relevant valuation parameters such as interest rates, mortality and rates of increases in compensation may raise the present value of the pension obligations. This may lead to increased pension costs or diminish stockholders’ equity. Financial risksIn this part we are speaking about the management of financial and commodity price risks. As a global enterprise, Bayer is exposed in the normal course of business to credit risks, liquidity risks and various market price risks that could materially affect its net assets, financial position and results of operations. The various risks associated with financial instruments are outlined below together with the relevant risk management systems. In this risk there is a lot of subcategories: Credit risks: arise from the possibility of the value of receivables or other financial assets being impaired because counterparties cannot meet their payment or other performance obligations. To effectively manage the credit risks from trade receivables, Bayer has put in place a standardized risk management system Credit limits are set for all customers. Finally to minimize credit risks, financial transactions are only conducted with banks and other partners of first-class credit standing in line with predefined exposure limits. Liquidity risks: arise from the possibility of not being able to meet current or future payment obligations because insufficient cash is available. Those problems are centrally managed in the Bayer Group. Sufficient liquid assets are held to meet all of the Group’s payment obligations when they fall due, thereby ensuring solvency at all times. The size of this reserve is regularly reviewed and adjusted as necessary to current conditions. Then credit facilities also exist with banks. Markets risks: relate to the possibility that the fair value or future cash flows of financial instruments may fluctuate due to variations in market prices. Market risks include currency, interest rate and other price risks, especially commodity price risks. Currency risks: since the Bayer Group conducts a significant portion of its operations outside the euro zone, fluctuations in currency exchange rates can materially affect earnings. Currency risks are identified, analyzed and managed centrally and systematically. The scope of hedging is evaluated regularly and defined in a corporate directive. Then a significant proportion of contractual and foreseeable currency risks is hedged, mainly through forward exchange contracts and currency options. Interest rate risks: The Bayer Group’s interest rate risks arise primarily from financial assets and liabilities with maturities exceeding one year. Interest rate risks in the Group are analyzed centrally and managed by the central finance department. This is done in line with the duration set by the Board of Management, which implicitly also includes the ration of fixed-rate to floating-rate debt. Then the duration is subject to regular review. Other price risks (especially price risks): The Bayer Group requires significant quantities of petrochemical feed stocks and energy for its various production processes. The prices of these inputs may fluctuate considerably depending on market conditions. This applies particularly tothe MaterialScience business. They have addressed this risk by concluding long-term contracts with multiple suppliers. The operation of their production facilities requires large amounts of energy, mostly in the form of electricity and steam. To minimize the exposure to energy price fluctuations, they aim for a balanced diversification of fuels for steam production and a mix of external procurement and captive production for power generation. As we can see the overall risk assessment is based on a consolidated view of risk each. There were no risks identified may endanger the existence of the group in 2010. And this is the continuation of the previous year. Profitability Which indicators have been brought forward in the annual report of the company? Which specific targets are aimed at? The profitability of a company makes the relationship between the results obtained by the company and the means used to achieve this result. The result of a business can be estimated thanks to different criterion, such as:Operating income: Which one measures the earnings generated from the production activity of the company? The profit of the year: Which measures the net result of the company, when expenses and benefits have been taken into account? The Value Added: which measures the wealth created thanks to the production function of the company? Similarly, the means used by a business can be measured by:The total of assets: this corresponds to the measurement of assets used by the company to produce. The equity: measurement of all financial resources used to produce starting. Capital stock: it is all the financial resources made available to the company by shareholders. We must not forget that a business can be profitable but still have a lower profitability of its sector. That’s why its profitability should be compared with the one of its main competitors. Thus a possible lack of competitiveness could be detected. There are 3 kind of profitability: Return on business ; Return on assets ; Return on equity. The profitability indicators highlighted by the Bayer Group in its annual report are the following: EBIT (before special items) EBITDA (before special items); Cash flow return on investment ; Earnings per share ; ROE (return on equity); ROA (return on assets). So concerning specific targets we believe that shareholders, investors and potential investors, suppliers and staff are the key audiences that are intended profitability indicators. How does the group state and assess the evolution of profitability in the annual report? Is there more recent public information about this issue? Where? Is this information in line with the one mentioned in the annual report? Is it indicating a similar evolution? The group assesses its profitability by focusing on the various indicators mentioned above. In its annual report, the group highlights a number of indicators of profitability, which are: EBIT EBITDAThese indicators are reported in order to allow a more accurate assessment of business operations. The company considers EBITDA before special items to be a more suitable indicator of operating performance since it is not affected by depreciation, amortization, impairments or special items. By reporting this indicator, the company aims to give readers a clearer picture of the results of operations and ensure greater comparability of data over time. EBIT for 2010 came in at â‚ ¬ 2,730 million whereas it was â‚ ¬ 3,006 million in 2009. This decrease is due to several factors that are: Sales of the Bayer Group rose by 12.6% from the previous year to â‚ ¬35,088 million; in 2009 the amount was â‚ ¬31,168 million, thanks largely to the recovery in the Material Science business. Adjusted for currency and portfolio effects, sales grew by 8.0% ; The cost of goods sold advanced by 13.0% to â‚ ¬17,103 million. This was mainly due to a considerable increase at MaterialScience, which in turn resulted chiefly from the growth in volumes and higher average raw material prices for the year. The ratio of the cost of goods sold to total sales was 48.7%, this ratio increased by 0, 1%, it was 48, 6% in 2009. Selling expenses rose by 11.1% year on year to â‚ ¬8,803million, it was â‚ ¬7,923million in 2009, and were thus equivalent to 25.1% of sales. Health Care accounted for the greater part of the increase. The group raised their research and development expenses in 2010 by a further 11.2%,the amount increased from â‚ ¬2,746million in 2009 to â‚ ¬3,053million in 2010;

The Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability Essay -- Stress Stressing

The Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability Progress has always been an essential component in modern society. At times it is equivalent to success, learning, and overall growth. In the field of science, progress is measured by comparisons to what was known before, what is known now, and what can be known in the future. Therefore, one could say that much progress was made in the field of science in terms of understanding the functions of the human brain and some of its behavior. It seems that as each new day passes, something new is discovered about the brain, whether it be a new mental or physiological brain condition, or merely a link and clue to one of the vast number of questions the world has considering the human brain and behavior. These discoveries and answers are becoming more and more important and imperative due to the fact that the overall population seems to becoming more and more emotionally fragile and more subject to several cerebral ills such as depression, anxiety, hysteria, and clinical insanity. A good question to ask is whether or not the overall population seems to be suffering more mental and cerebral ills, or that it is merely a result of more cases being reported and more statistics calculated. But if it is true that the number of people suffering from conditions or types of behavior which hinder their ability to go on with their everyday lives, what is the cause? And when we find the cause, what is the cure? Or how will society as a whole handle it? A possible theory is to look at the correlation between the rate of growth and process in modern society and the stress level of the average individual. Another question to ask is what exactly is the role stress plays in an individ... ...raising the levels of anxiety and depression amongst the population. Perhaps evolution will take hold and those with brains and systems more well adapt to handling this relatively new level of stress will flourish, making our society stronger. Or it could have a reverse effect, making society weaker in the process. Hopefully stress and it's harmful effects will be brought to attention more by the scientific community and as a whole society will do something about it or risk suffering from the potential set backs. Sources Cited: 1)Physiological Effects of Stress http://tm.cme.edu/03.html 2)Holistic-online http://holistic-online.com/stress/stress_GAS.htm 3)http://www.brainsource.com/stress_&_health.htm 4)Neurobiology of Stress http://www.biopsychiatry.com/stress.htm 5)http://www.lifepositive.com/Mind/psychology/stress/symptoms-of-anxiety.asp The Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability Essay -- Stress Stressing The Breakdown of Mental Health and Stability Progress has always been an essential component in modern society. At times it is equivalent to success, learning, and overall growth. In the field of science, progress is measured by comparisons to what was known before, what is known now, and what can be known in the future. Therefore, one could say that much progress was made in the field of science in terms of understanding the functions of the human brain and some of its behavior. It seems that as each new day passes, something new is discovered about the brain, whether it be a new mental or physiological brain condition, or merely a link and clue to one of the vast number of questions the world has considering the human brain and behavior. These discoveries and answers are becoming more and more important and imperative due to the fact that the overall population seems to becoming more and more emotionally fragile and more subject to several cerebral ills such as depression, anxiety, hysteria, and clinical insanity. A good question to ask is whether or not the overall population seems to be suffering more mental and cerebral ills, or that it is merely a result of more cases being reported and more statistics calculated. But if it is true that the number of people suffering from conditions or types of behavior which hinder their ability to go on with their everyday lives, what is the cause? And when we find the cause, what is the cure? Or how will society as a whole handle it? A possible theory is to look at the correlation between the rate of growth and process in modern society and the stress level of the average individual. Another question to ask is what exactly is the role stress plays in an individ... ...raising the levels of anxiety and depression amongst the population. Perhaps evolution will take hold and those with brains and systems more well adapt to handling this relatively new level of stress will flourish, making our society stronger. Or it could have a reverse effect, making society weaker in the process. Hopefully stress and it's harmful effects will be brought to attention more by the scientific community and as a whole society will do something about it or risk suffering from the potential set backs. Sources Cited: 1)Physiological Effects of Stress http://tm.cme.edu/03.html 2)Holistic-online http://holistic-online.com/stress/stress_GAS.htm 3)http://www.brainsource.com/stress_&_health.htm 4)Neurobiology of Stress http://www.biopsychiatry.com/stress.htm 5)http://www.lifepositive.com/Mind/psychology/stress/symptoms-of-anxiety.asp

Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategy Share Essay

Littlefield Simulation 2 strategy: Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategy Share 1 More Next Blog » Create Blog Sign In Littlefield Simulation 2 strategy Sunday, July 17, 2011 Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategy Followers Join this site with Google Friend Connect Just went through this last semester. We ended up in first place even though we made a few minor mistakes. First a few links that helped us: There are no members yet. Be the first! http://archive.ite.journal.informs.org/Vol5No2/Miyaoka/ http://wordpress.shetgar.com/blog/?p=59 http://www.scribd.com/doc/51139499/Littlefield ­Simulation ­2 ­Report Already a member? Sign in Here is what we did: Pre ­Game Activities: The team met the Tuesday before class to examine the data  and discuss strategies. It was apparent that both Stations 1 and 3 were operating at full capacity, frequently hitting 100% utilization. Station 3 seemed more strained since it had higher queues (Mean=506, STD=498) than Station 1(Mean=187, STD=175). Since the average job lead time exceeded 2 days during days 43 through 46, inclusive, we thought it would be unprofitable to attempt to move to the $1,000 contracts. We discussed the options of altering the lot sizes, but decided that the extra setup time would only create more bottlenecks downstream. About Me Blog Archive HB ââ€" ¼ 2011 (1) View my complete profile ââ€" ¼ July (1) Littlefield Technologi es Simulation Game 2 strateg†¦ Stage 1: As a result of our analysis, the team’s initial actions included: 1. Leave the contracts at $750. 2. Change the reorder point to 3000 (possibly risking running out of stock). 3. Change the reorder quantity to 3600 kits. 4. Purchase a second machine for Station 3 as soon as our cash balance reached $137,000 ($100K + 37K). This strategy proved successful and after the second machine for Station 3 was purchased on Day 56 and the queue cleared, we were able to switch to the $1,000 contracts. We occasionally lost a few dollars for being a little late, but we always made more than we would have under the $750 contracts. Stage 2: The next goal was to save enough cash to purchase a machine for Station 1 so that we could switch to the $1,250 contracts. During the cash building stage, we made the inventory order quantity as high as we could afford, which was 6,900 kits at a purchase price of $70,000. When the 6,900 kits were delivered, we switched the order quantity back to 3,600 so that we could purchase a Station 1 machine as soon as our cash balance reached $127,000 ($90K + 37K). After 21 factory days, we were able to purchase the fourth machine for Station 1 and immediately moved to the $1,250 contracts. The average lead time declined to under a half a day during factory days 69 through 76. There was a substantial decline in arriving orders during the same time period. The team noticed the drop in lead time and regrets not having moved to the $1,250 contracts sooner. We lost $22,750 of potential revenue for not moving on the information sooner. On the other hand, orders are random and an early move could have backfired on us. Stage 3: During our preliminary meeting, the team discussed the possibility of purchasing a fifth machine for Station 1. We decided to wait and see if the loss of potential ea  rnings was sufficient to justify a $90 K purchase. We knew that if we were going to buy a fifth machine we should do it as soon as possible to maximize the return on investment. We calculated the loss of potential revenue as ($1,250 – actual average revenues * jobs completed). Our initial estimates showed a potential revenue loss of $266 per day, but within a few factory days the rate of potential loss rose to $419 per day. There is another consideration in the decision to purchase a fifth machine for Station 1. The title of the Littlefield Technologies game 2 is Customer Responsiveness. The title implies that we should be concerned about the consistency with which we deliver on our service level agreements (SLAs). The potential loss of $419 per day barely covers the $90,000 machine purchaseÍ ¾ however we were missing our SLAs 13 out of 15 days and the percent of potential revenues lost due to missing SLAs was 3%. We decided to purchase the fifth machine on Day 94 primarily to improve our customer responsiveness. This strategy did not perform as well as we had hoped. While our potential revenues lost declined to 1%, we were still missing our SLAs six out of seven days. Stage 4. During Stage 4, we explored job splitting as a solution to the SLA problem. First, we split jobs into two batch of 30 kits each. This strategy worked so well that we wondered why we hadn’t explored job splitting during Stage 2 or 3. We met our SLAs 12 out of 16 days and our percent of potential revenues lost declined to 0.4%. We calculated the setup times as a proportion of a

Adolescent Behavior And Abusive Situations - 2132 Words

Abstract An estimated 20 people per minute in the United States are abused by an intimate partner each year (Breiding et al., 2014). Many reasons have been identified that prevent women from leaving and remaining out of abusive relationships. Such factors include economic, religious, cultural, and psychological (.e.g. fear, learned helplessness, self-esteem). Yet, there has been very limited research that examines the neurocognitive issues that influences a woman’s decision return to abusive situations, despite opportunities and resources to leave. The following study will explore possible implications of addictive behavior towards abusive situations in battered women— due to neurocognitive dysfunction. We hypothesized that battered women will present with decision making impairment similar to persons with substance dependency and other addictions. Findings will shed light on the need to develop more comprehensive prevention and intervention measures to decrease the number of women who return to abusive situations. Background Currently, the United States spends an estimated eight billion dollars per year on medical and legal expenses alone (Burnett, 2014). Unfortunately, the physical, psychological, and emotional costs to women and their children are immeasurable. Women of domestic violence often experience both acute and chronic health problems, substance abuse, and psychological disorders. (Breiding et al.,2014). . More recently, there hasShow MoreRelatedA Study On The Theory Of Teen Dating Abuse By Using A Phenomenological Inquiry942 Words   |  4 PagesPhenomenology A phenomenology study will be conducted because the question seeks to understand the experience of youth that has experienced dating violence. 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The French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution and the...

There is no Revolution without a Dance Before it A little essay about the reasons and the outcomes of The American Revolution, the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution. Jakob Tegnà ©r History A 20/03/06 Katharina Brummer Bjà ¶rk Source Criticism In order to achieve this essay I found help in three different books. The first book, A History of World Societies by the authors McKay, Hill and Buckler, was my primary source. It is a history book of 1800 pages which thoroughly explain the basis of almost all societies. I believe that it is commonly used at universities to teach history. They only thing that I could be skeptic about is that its copyright 1992, which may seem out of date. But in consideration to the task, I see this as†¦show more content†¦Ã‚…all men are created equalÂ… they have endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rightsÂ… among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Those are some of the words brought forward in the Declaration of Independence. But it was the Constitution that really lay down the fundamental building stone of what today is the United States of America. It was very much inspired by the French philosopher Montesquieu and his power theory (De lEsprit de s lois, 1748) where the legislations, executive and the court are kept separate and balance each other out. French Revolution No country felt the consequences of the American Revolution more than France. The hundreds of French officers that served there grew attached to liberty and firm republican convictions. Yet the French Revolution did not mirror the American example. The French Revolution was more violent and more complex, more loved and more hated. During 1780s Frances economy was in an impossible financial situation. Due to considerable loans France could not raise anymore capital. 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A Separate Peace Essay examples - 1290 Words

Brittany Schafer September 21, 2012 Period 4 A Separate Peace Final Draft In the novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles, it relates to a complicated friendship of two young boys Gene and Phineas. Gene is jealous of Phineas’ achievements and lets his anger destroy their relationship. The boys at Devon in the summer of 1942 have to deal with the fear World War II brings. Each time the boys feel safe and peaceful, reality sets in and reminds them of the warfare around them. The boy’s mental stability is tested by the struggles of school and the causes of their actions. John Knowles’ A Separate Peace displays how fear, warfare, and friendship can affect a person’s innocence and youth. Fear has affected Gene and made him paranoid with†¦show more content†¦Gene asks Finny what he think caused him to fall out of the tree to find out if Finny knows it was Gene. When Gene visits Finny and tells him he was at fault, he regrets telling him, â€Å"It struck me then that I was injuring him again. It occurred to me that this could be an even deeper injury than what I had done before. I would have to back out of it, I would have to disown it.† (62) Gene cannot handle the stress of telling Finny the truth that he is afraid he might black out. Throughout the novel, the war has caused great worry, wonder, and fear for the sixteen-year-old boys at Devon who could enlist anytime. When the Boys open a Winter Carnival, it helps them believe that the war does not exist and gets their mind off the war. Gene is caught up yet again in Finny’s upbeat world by helping run this carnival. The boys’ happiness is interrupted at the end of the carnival when a telegram is sent by Leper informing the boys he has escaped. The boys not only deal with military warfare, but personal wars and feelings of hostility and resentment. Gene learns that one mans only enemy was himself, â€Å"...this enemy they thought they saw across the frontier, this enemy who never attacked that way- if he never attacked at all; if he was indeed the enemy.† (196) Gene strugglesShow MoreRelatedAllusion In A Separate Peace1412 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"My god, what energy. You sound like General MacArthur† (Knowles 66). The historical allusion of the novel called A Separate Peace is when Finny compared Gene with General MacArthur. General MacArthur was a Five Star General and a Chief of Staff of the US Army during the World War II. Through his hard work, he managed to receive a Congressional Medal of Honor and be known as a very dedicated leader. Finny compares Gene with General MacArthur, because he looked like there was something importantRead MoreEssay On A Separate Peace1916 Words   |  8 PagesA Separate Peace Honors English Essay By Devin E. Price From juvenility to maturity, A Separate Peace combines classic American Literature with a thoughtful plot-line that is developed to affect the readers’ mind and heart. The author, John Knowles of Fairmont, West Virginia, had one clear purpose for writing this book. This purpose was to show the disastrous mental and physical problems which arise as the result of war, specifically the repercussions they have on the home front. A goodRead More A Separate Peace Essay753 Words   |  4 Pages A Separate Peace Dealing with enemies has been a problem since the beginning of time. â€Å"I never killed anybody,† Gene had commented later in his life, â€Å"And I never developed an intense level of hatred for the enemy. Because my war ended before I ever put on a uniform, I was on active duty all my time at Devon; I killed my enemy there.† In A Separate Peace, by John Knowles, the value of dealing with enemies is shown by Gene, who was dealing with few human enemies, but his emotions created far greaterRead MoreA Separate Peace Analysis865 Words   |  4 Pagestypically endure. The novel A Separate Peace by John Knowles focuses on the friendship between two teenage boys, Gene and Phineas, who are the exact opposite of one another. It is told from Gene’s point of view as he journeys through adolescence while attending one of the most prestigious boarding schools in America during World War II, Devon. Gene learns that when times are difficult he can move past his struggles b y latching onto an idea, hope, or an essence of peace. As he matures, it is clear thatRead MoreA Separate Peace Analysis745 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Knowles’ novel A Separate Peace is about a few boys at a boarding school in New Hampshire. The story is centered around the friendship of two boys, Gene and Finny, at a boarding school in New Hampshire. Although in the beginning of their friendship Gene did not trust Finny, by the time he dies Gene feels as if a part of him has died, showing that he still felt closely bonded to him after all they had been through. Gene’s trust towards Finny first subtly comes through after returning fromRead MoreSummary Of A Separate Peace1859 Words   |  8 PagesJoseph Post Mrs. Weber    English 9 Honors, Period 2    Oct 10, 2017 Chapter 7, A Separate Peace Summary  Ã‚  Ã‚   In chapter 7 of the novel, A Separate Peace, written by John Knowles, Gene gets to know Brinker a little more, making him come out of his shell that he was in because of the absence of Phineas. He and Brinker like to joke around a lot, and one day, Gene feels like it was too serious. One day, they went down to the butt room, because they felt like a smoke, and while Brinker was fooling aroundRead MoreA Separate Peace, by John Knowles1079 Words   |  5 Pagesaggressive nature of the people often cause it to proceed without justification. In A Separate Peace, wars such as these are seen between the characters and within the characters of Gene and Phineas. These wars can be thought of as figments of imagination, founded on irrational assumptions, fears of the unknown, and nonexistent threats. Regardless of their origin, the enemy is always daunting. John Knowles’ A Separate Peace reveals Gene’s perceived war with Phineas and Phineas’ internal conflict with WorldR ead MoreA Separate Peace: Three Symbols716 Words   |  3 PagesA Separate Peace: Three Symbols The three dichotomous symbols in A Separate Peace by John Knowles reinforce the innocence and evil of the main characters, Finny and Gene. Beside the Devon School flow two rivers on opposite sides of the school, the Naguamsett and the Devon. The Devon provides entertainment and happiness for Gene and Finny as they jump from the tree into the river and hold initiations into the Super Suicide Society of the Summer Session. Finny, Gene, and their friends use theRead MoreA Separate Peace By John Knowles1078 Words   |  5 PagesStephen King once said, â€Å"Books and movies are like apples and oranges. They both are fruit, but taste completely different.† John Knowles’ novel A Separate Peace which is also a movie by Peter Yates, both have the same theme and plot, however, there are minor adaptations that are made to the movie which fail to capture the nature of the characters. A Separate Peace is set at a boys’ boarding school in New Hampshire during World War II. It is the story of Gene Forrester, and his confused feelings of admirationRead MoreA Separate Peace By John Knowles1810 Words   |  8 PagesIn John Knowles’ novel A Separate Peace, it begins with the protagonist, Gene Forrester coming back to his alma mater the Devon School in New Hampshire. Wandering through the campus, Gene makes his way to a tall tree by the river; the reason for his return. From here he takes the reader back to the year 1942 du ring World War II when he was in high school. During the summer session ofthat year, he becomes close friends with his daredevil roommate Finny who is able to convince Gene into making a dangerous

Organizational Behavior & Management-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Would workers in Australia, America or Europe accept the Taylorism in this form today? 2.Consider the design of scripts for use in Call Centres, can you see Taylorism in that? Explain. 3. This clip is showing history from 100 years ago. Some would say that the world has moved on and these ideas are out of date. However, could there be parts of the world today for which these ideas might be just what they need? Explain. 4.What would be some of the key drawbacks or risks of living in the flat world of Globalisation 3.0 as Friedman describes it? 5.Do you agree with Friedmans iron rule of the flat world? Explain. 6.Is the level of globalisation uniform across the world? Explain. Answers: Taylorism and Ford Introduction The concept of Taylorism is not used directly by most companies in the world. However the concept has not been lost or totally rejected. Organizations apply the theories when certain situations arise within the organizational culture. Also other organizational theories in combination with Taylorism are applied in order to increase the labor force and enhance the organizational performance. 1.In the contemporary world the management and leadership do not engage in the practice of Taylorism in their organizations. The workers in the developed countries like Europe, Australia or America do not practice Taylorism in its primitive form. It is not like that all the organizations have totally rejected a concept like Taylorism; it is still in the organizational culture in a modified or varied form. The management applies various strategies and other theories wit Taylorism to make it more applicable in the contemporary organizational work flow (Waring 2016). One can take examples of retail or insurance business where Taylorism is still applied in combination with digital technologies or ergonomics. In the original form the employers were the key drivers of the Taylorist practice, the authoritative power let them control the labor in a strict manner by this practice, because their only aim was to maximize the productivity by controlling the workers. The belief that Taylorism is managements only way of controlling the labors to make them produce most and ignoring the employee concerns became obsolete (Nyland, Bruce and Burns 2014). The concept of Taylorism is losing its relevance in the contemporary business practice because it sees money is the only factors that run an effective organization. The charity based organizations are such examples where the idea of Taylorism is not applicable at all. On the other hand, there are cases where Taylorism becomes an important option for the organization to improve the productivity. If the organization is performing poorly or labors are not working as much as they are supposed to, then the organizations tend to adapt few strategies from Taylorism. 2.Taylorism and later Ford developed the concept in order to maximize the labor output. Originally Taylor reexamined and rationalized the existing labor work force by monitoring the worker performance for a long time and developed the idea. Later Ford incorporated economic inducements and increased the labor productivity in his car manufacturing business. There are organizations that still use the Taylorism in their business successfully, Call Centre business is one of them. To run a Call Centre business the management has to instruct the employees what exactly they have to do and no creativity or examination is appreciated (Schermerhorn, 2013). It is even visible in countries like India (Sinha and Gabriel 2016). There the employers with the help of Taylorism maintain the productivity by constantly monitoring the workers. 3.In todays world, the application of Taylorism is based upon the product and size of the organizations. McDonalds is one of such companies that apply Taylorism successfully in ceratin parts of its international business market (Babajana and Webber 2015). In India the management applies Taylorism successfully in order to control a large number of workers so that they can serve maximum number of customers in short period of time (Sinha and Gabriel 2016). Globalization Introduction The globalization has changed the world dynamics by increasing the interaction level among the nations, organizations and humans at a large level. The business process has changed and developed and most countries are working their best to utilize the opportunities that globalization has created in the global market. 4.There are many advantages which the citizens access from living on the common platform of flat world. However there are the following advantages that the citizens, organizations or the nations suffer from as well: Though Friedman suggests all the nations are connected and somehow feel or act in a similar way, but every culture s different and every individual person act or think differently in the world. A common international business ethics affects the organizational performance, so they select the options which are most suitable for them. The organizations leave their home countries from the developed world as their freedom has been reduced because of the business ethics. The rise of multinational companies in the developing countries proves that. The flat world is based on the idea that there are no borders or boundaries. It can result in the nations o organizations to build their own rules for business. 5.After analyzing Friedmans globalization theory I do agree with the iron rule of flat world. the nations or individuals around the world interact more than ever now. In the flat world, anyone can interact with anyone at anytime, so the preexisted societal, political, economic, geographical frame experienced in an extensive integration and transformed the world flat (Friedman 2004). In the twenty first century the globalization increased individuals power as now everyone is capable of controlling the business in a flat world. The globalization in the flat world unified the nations, organizations and individuals all over the world. Because of the iron rule of the flat world the organizations or nations or organizations perform or manage their business by the iron rule. 6.No, the globalization is not uniform across the world. In many nations the aspects like export, direct investment, communication and immigration running against the concept. Most countries are careful about the penetration of Globalization in their society or business. As Ghemawat suggests that the nations never let the globalization affect their individual cultures. The developed a mutual space where their own culture is retained and the globalization is active as well (Guillotin and Mangematin 2015). Conclusion If the organization is capable of identifying the most relevant elements from the Taylorism and applies it to control certain situation within the organizational work force, the productivity can be increased. In most developed countries the workers do not accept it as it affects their concerns, but in underdeveloped countries with huge labor force it can prove to be a really effective strategy. Friedmans concept of flat world is highly appreciable because of its direct implication in the real world. Nations are interacting with each other in order to maximize the business. However the concept is applicable in all the nations in equal measure. There are countries that do not adapt the concept in its entirety. They developed a harmony between the local culture and globalization. Reference Babajana, Z. and Webber, A., 2015. Organisational Behaviour. Nyland, C., Bruce, K. and Burns, P., 2014. Taylorism, the international labour organization, and the genesis and diffusion of codetermination.Organization Studies,35(8), pp.1149-1169. Parker, L.D., 2016. The global Fayol: contemporary management and accounting traces.Entreprises et histoire, (2), pp.51-63. Schermerhorn, J.R., 2013.Management. John Wiley Sons. Sinha, S. and Gabriel, Y., 2016. 5 Call Centre Work: Taylorism with a Facelift.Re-Tayloring Management: Scientific Management a Century On, p.87. Waring, S.P., 2016.Taylorism transformed: Scientific management theory since 1945. UNC Press Books. Friedman, J., 2004. Globalization.A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics, pp.179-197. Friedman, T., 2005. The world is flat: A brief history of the globalized world in the 21st century.London: Allen Lane. Guillotin, B. and Mangematin, V., 2015. Internationalization Strategies of Business Schools: How Flat Is the World?.Thunderbird International Business Review,57(5), pp.343-357. Peters, M.E., 2015. Open trade, Closed Borders Immigration in the era of Globalization.World Politics,67(1), pp.114-154.